During two meetings, we will approach this book by Michel Foucault, which he considered the first of relevance in his vast work and which was his doctoral thesis. We will analyze what place it occupies in Foucault’s work, what elements are taken up again in the future courses he would give at the Collège de France, which are the paths presented in this book that came to fruition and which were truncated paths. We will see its importance both for weighing the dimension of discourse and normality in the rest of his published writings. Finally, we will make a reading that explicitly connects this first work with the last one he conceived during his lifetime, the great project of the History of Sexuality.